more questions to think about

What is the definition of dry weight?
Dry weight is the ideal patient weight post dialysis, set by the physician after a physical assessment.

Who sets the patients dry weight?
The physician.

What are three common symptoms of hypovolemia?
SOB, edema, hypertension.

List two reasons why AV fistulas are superior to other types of dialysis access?
They last longer and have less risk of infection.

What is a stenosis?
The narrowing of the vessel.

What is a false aneurysm?
A false aneurysm is not all the way around the vein, its often caused from infiltration, and it tends to heal well, it has the same skin texture vs. a true aneurysm which has thin shiny skin.

Betadine must be stuck ______?
Dry.

Alcohol must be stuck ______?
Wet.

What is the purpose of creating a bridge with tape when securing a fistula needle?
To secure the needle.

List three foods high in phosphorous?
Cola, pizza, and mac and cheese.

How much fluid can a dialysis patient consume in one day?
1,000-1,200 cc per day.

Why is potassium controlled by the renal diet?
Potassium is restricted to prevent complications causing arrhythmias.

List the only three medications a CHT can administer?
Lidocane, ns, heparin

List one common antibiotic given in the dialysis center?
Vancomycin

What is the leading cause of renal failure in the US?
DM

List four causes of renal failure other than DM?
PKD, SLE, Wilms tumors, and Goodpasture’s syndrome

Do nephrons regenerate if damaged?
no

List four things healthy kidneys do?
Healthy kidneys help the body regulate blood pressure; they excrete waste, and reabsorb what the body needs.

What are two things dialysis patients can do to maintain skin integrity?
Oil and lotion

What causes pseudogout?
Psuedogout is caused by calcium phosphate deposited in large and medium joints.

What causes bad breath in dialysis patients?
Uremia.

What is the main thing dialysis patients can do minimize manifestations of CRF?
Maintain a proper diet and take their phosphate binders.

What are the most common medical complications in dialysis?
Fluid overload and hypotension

What is pericarditis?
Pericarditis is the inflammation of the sac that surrounds the heart

What is commonly used to treat pericarditis?
An increase in time and antibiotics is used to treat pericarditis

Why is dialysis disequilibrium syndrome dangerous?
DDS is dangerous because it can cause cerebral edema.

What is the common treatment for cramps?
Administer normal saline.

Why do dialysis patients have secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Excess phosphorous is excreted by the kidneys

What can patients do to minimize secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Take binders and have a good diet

Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Dorsal to the thyroid gland

What causes anemia in dialysis patients?
The kidneys inability to produce erythropoietin

What is the primary treatment for anemia?
EPO

Why is iron important in controlling anemia?
It helps with RBC production

How do you know you have a major blood leak?
Positive hemastix and blood in the efferent dialysate line

What is hypotension?
Low bp

What access has the least complications?
fistula

What is hypertension?
High bp

What are the characteristics of acute renal failure?
Fast, reversible, 50% recovery

Are most dialysis patients on Medicare?
yes

What tests need to be done to determine secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Pth, calcium and phosphorous

What tube is a STAT potassium done in?
Red tiger top

What tube is aluminum drawn in?
Dark blue

What tube in an H&H done in?
lavender

What color tube is used when drawing PT and INR?
Light blue

How long should most tubes clot for?
45 min

What are universal precautions?
Treat everyone as if they are infected

What is exsanguination?
Extreme blood loss

Do all patients who receive kidney transplants wait on a list?
no

What does Kt/v stand for?
Clearance, time, and volume

What does a hardness test check for?
Minerals in the water

Which route is lidocane given?
id

Which route is Heparin given?
iv

Which route is NS given?
iv

When should labs be drawn?
Before heparin

Is it true that all dialysis patients must restrict their potassium intake?
yes

The movement of a fluid from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is called what?
osmosis

When should binders be taken?
With meals and snacks

What is the purpose of hand washing?
To prevent the spread of bacteria to patients, staff, and their families

What causes a metallic taste?
uremia

What causes pseudogout in dialysis patients?
Calcium phosphate deposits in the medium and large joints

What is a water culture test for?
To check for bacteria in the water

Can ARF be reversible?
yes

Burning at the venous needle site indicates what?
Sterilant infusion

Fluid is removed by what principal?
ultrafiltration

Muscle cramping usually occurs when?
When there is rapid removal of fluid usually from fluid overload

Why is secondary hyperparathyroidism dangerous?
It causes metastatic califications and cardiac problems

What does a social worker do?
Assist with travel arrangements, housing, finances. And insurance as well as provide counseling

What is the proper technique for assessing an access?
Visually inspect the access then feel for the thrill

What causes DDS?
Rapid removal of BUN and high BUN levels

Nausea and vomiting are usually caused from what?
Low bp

When is a post BUN done?
After treatment

What is a concentration gradient?
A difference in concentration on either side of a spm

Dialysis fluid removal is caused by what?
ultrafiltration

When are water cultures done?
Every month

Can carbon tanks regenerate?
no

When should you discard a dialyzer because of its fiber bundle?
When it reaches 80%

Adequacy can be improved by what?
An increase in time

What is AV an abbreviation for?
Arterial venous

What is normally the prescribed BFR for a graft?
400-450

Can a fistula develop a true aneurysm?
yes

Who owns the patient’s records?
The facility

When should an event be documented?
As soon as possible after it happens

What is the description of a transplant?
A form of kidney replacement therapy

What is adequate dialysis?
When a patient is asymptomatic

Why is sodium typically restricted in the renal diet?
To prevent thirst

Are all renal diets the same?
No, it depends on their labs

What are the functional units of the kidneys?
nephrons

Will a person with one kidney require dialysis?
No, people can survive with one kidney

If you have diabetic neuropathy you might also have what?
hypertension

Does ARF have a high mortality rate?
Yes, 50%

If a patient has SOB and edema they probably have what?
hypervolemia

What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of the sac around the heart

What is azotemia?
Retention of nitrogenous material in the blood

Is anemia in dialysis usually from lack of erythropoietin?
yes

What is an AMA?
Against medical advice

How big are the kidneys?
5x1x2

Where are the kidneys located?
retroperitoneal

What is angina?
Chest pain

How long can a dialyzer be up?
2 hours

What is the kt/v for a diabetic?
1.4

What is the kt/v for a non-diabetic?
1.2

What is the biggest concern when hemolysis occurs?
Cardiac problems from released potassium

What does sterile mean?
Free from contamination

What is the classic triad for pericarditis?
Fever, chest pain, and friction rub

What is the second step in treating hypotension?
Give saline

What factors affect diffusion?
Membrane pore size, temperature, dialyzer size, concentration gradient, and solute size

What lab values are used to determine adequacy?
Pre and post BUN

What is hypovolemia?
When a patient is under dry weight

What type of access is created when you connect a vein an and artery?
fistula

What access needs exercise?
fistula

May hypertonic saline be used in the dialysis center?
yes

What is the concentration of hypertonic saline?
23.4%

What is Kayexcelate used for?
To reduce serum potassium


..sorry if you find spelling errors...I'm lazy and tired......BTW this post is so tiny because I already know if you are using it to study you will just copy and paste it into something else and print it off